Instrumentos Tradicionales Ibéricos Instrumentos Tradicionales Ibéricos
AEROPHONES I

AEROPHONES II 

These instruments are either those that produce the sound due to the vibration of the air, through a bevel, a mouthpiece, a simple reed or a double one.

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Pito de caña: It is a bevel aerophone. It was very used by shepherds, children and dulzaineros (double reed pipe players), which used it to rehearse at home due to their sound of low power. The forms and sizes are very variable, depending on the builder. They could have between 4 and 8 holes. It exist in the whole peninsula .

PITO DE CAÑA

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PITO DE CAJA DE PURO

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Pito de caja de puro: Another bevel aerophone. It is a variety of the previous one, but fact with a cigar box and a cork. It is copy of one picked up by the artisan Luis Angel Payno in Soria. Thise comes us to demonstrate the wealth of the Traditional Culture, and the adaptability of materials to build the instruments with what one has by hand.

 

 

Pito de cuerno de cabra: It is also a bevel aerophone. Similar to the previous ones, but made with a goat´s horn. The shepherds of this livestock built it. They have been several instruments in the county of Salamanca, although it is normal that they existed in other places where that shepherding was common. They aren´t tunned and the number of holes oscillates between 3 and 6 .

PITO DE CUERNO
 

 

PITO MARAGATO

Pito maragato: Bevel Aerophone. It is a flute of three holes whose complete tonal scale is gotten overblowing it. It is played inseparably with the" tamboril" (a tabor), one in each hand. The model of the picture is a variety of the area of the Maragatería, in León, and it is made in a wooden piece. It is family of the "gaita charra" ,from Salamanca, the "chifla", from Zamora, the "gaita extremeña", the "flauta rociera" from Huelva, the Aragonese "chiflo" and even the Basque" txistu", although the tunings and forms are different. This family of instruments survive in the western area of the peninsula, as well as in the border area with Portugal, in Tras os Montes and the Alentejo. There are also ones in Ibiza .

 

 

Gaitas charra y extremeña: More three holes' flutes, being maybe the "gaita charra" the better known one after the Basque txistu. It comes from the area of Salamanca and it is played with the "tamboril", such and like we said before. It is usually made with oak for the body, bull horn for the rings or " encelgas", and bone for the bevel. Besides to be played in Salamanca, it is used in the north of Cáceres, displacing to the autochthonous models as that of the second picture, because there is more artisans in Salamanca than there. The first picture shows a "gaita charra" from Salamanca. The second picture shows a "gaita extremeña" from the north of Cáceres. The tamboril (tabor) is from the town Acetuna (Cáceres) and it was made by Martín Pérez. For the skin of the tamboril is usually used goat skin, like in this model. Those pipe and tabor reached a lot of popularity in all Castile and León, but in some places they were displaced by the"dulzaina" and the "redoblante".

GAITA CHARRA GAITA EXTREMEÑA
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GAITA CHARRA Y TAMBORIL

 

 

PITO DE CENTENO

Pito de centeno: Simple reed aerophone. It was manufactured with a dry shaft of ryet. There are practiced a fluke in the closed end and a series of holes in the other end. It is an instrument of shepherds' hobby or of infantile toy, being common in the middle of the peninsula, mainly in Castile and León. In other areas it exists a similar instrument but fact with cane or reed, like it is the case of the Balearic"xeremeieta".

 

 

DULZAINA CASTELLANA DOLÇAINA VALENCIANA - http://www.collatorrent.com GAITA NAVARRA - http://anas.worldonline.es/errenieg/hasiera2.htm DULZAINA ARAGONESA - http://www.arafolk.net GRALLA SECA Y DULCE - http://www.girona.intercom.es/ccf/lagralla.htm

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Dulzaina: f Double reed aerophone. Is a folk oboe. The sound tube has troncoconic form and is made in wood. In their superior end it takes housed the "tudel" that is a metallic piece where it is placed the reed. Very extended for all the European continent, it could not be less in Spain, where it receives different names. It can have keys like the first one and the last picture or not to have them that it is the most normal thing in those fewer evolved. The first one is a Castilian "dulzaina", the second a "dolçaina valenciana", the third a Navarrese "gaita", the following one an Aragonese "dulzaina" and both last they are Catalan "grallas"; a "seca" without keys and a "dolça" with them. They are accompanied of drums most of them. And in many occasions they are played in group, like it happens with the "grallers" or the Navarrese pipers. They are used in dances, parties, pilgrimages, etc. Also in Portugal they can be exemplary of more rustic, such construction is the case of the "palheta".

 

AEROPHONES I

AEROPHONES II 

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